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November 06, 2006

Collusion In Loyalist Murders

News About Ireland & The Irish

BB 11/06/06 Security 'Links' To Murder Plots
IT 11/06/06 Garda Castigated In Report On North Collusion
UT 11/06/06 RUC And Garda Aware Of Collusion
PA 11/06/06 Army 'Colluded In Loyalist Murders'
BT 11/06/06 Inquiry Completed Into Job Bias Claims At Cross-Border Body
BB 11/06/06 Sinn Fein Report On Saint Andrews
BT 11/06/06 Opin: Devolution Is A Prize Worth Winning
NH 11/06/06 A Loyalist In Bandit Country
BT 11/06/06 Europe Suffers Worst Blackout For Three Decades

*********************

http://news.bbc.co.uk/go/pr/fr/-/1/hi/northern_ireland/6118540.stm

Security 'Links' To Murder Plots

Members of the RUC and UDR colluded with loyalist
paramilitaries in 74 murders in the 1970s, according to an
international panel of legal experts.

The four-strong team examined 76 killings between 1972 and
1977 and said there was evidence of collusion in all but
two of the cases.

It said some senior officers knew of the crimes but "failed
to act to prevent or punish" those responsible.

The panel urged the government to set up an independent
investigation.

The report claimed that "credible evidence indicates that
superiors of violent, extremist officers and agents, at
least within the RUC, were aware of their sectarian crimes,
yet failed to act to prevent, investigate or punish them".

The government told the panel it would be inappropriate to
comment as the murders were already the subject of
inquiries by a number of agencies.

These included the European Court of Human Rights, the
Historical Enquiries Team, and the Police Ombudsman.

The panel was convened two years ago at the request of the
Pat Finucane Centre.

Bombings

Copies of the report have been given to the British
government and the Police Ombudsman's Office.

The 108-page report examined 25 cases on both sides of the
Irish border.

The cases examined in the Republic of Ireland include the
Dublin and Monaghan bombings, explosions in Dundalk and
Castleblayney and the murder of John Francis Green.

The independent panel who produced the report were
Professor Douglass Cassel of Notre Dame Law School in the
US, Susie Kemp, an international lawyer based in The Hague,
Piers Pigou - an investigator for the South African Truth
and Reconciliation Commission and Stephen Sawyer of
Northwestern University School of Law.

Last year, the Irish government said it was to give Tony
Blair a final chance to aid an inquiry into the Dublin and
Monaghan bombings.

Irish premier Bertie Ahern said he may take a case to the
European Court of Human Rights if Mr Blair did not hand
over British government files on the 1974 bombings.
The UVF was suspected of carrying out the attacks which
killed 33 people. No-one was convicted of the bombings.

Story from BBC NEWS:
Published: 2006/11/06 11:00:28 GMT
© BBC MMVI

*********************

http://www.ireland.com/newspaper/breaking/2006/1106/breaking36.htm

Garda Castigated In Report On North Collusion

A human rights investigation says it has found evidence of
RUC and British Army collusion in 74 sectarian murders in
Northern Ireland.

The study by an international panel of human rights experts
revealed it was told during its investigation that the
Garda failed to co-operate in bringing republicans to
justice for the murders of Protestants in the Republic.

An investigation of 25 loyalist atrocities during the 1970s
by the panel said senior RUC officers were aware and
approved of collusion while officials in London had enough
information to intervene.

The panel, whose members include a law lecturer with the
University of Notre Dame in the United States and a former
investigator for the South African Truth and Reconciliation
Commission, called on the British government to appoint an
independent inquiry to examine how high up the chain of
command collusion went.

They also urged the Government to investigate the claims
made about the gardaí.

The group was asked by Derry-based human rights
organisation the Pat Finucane Centre to investigate the 25
incidents. Among the controversial murders they
investigated were the murder of three members of the Miami
Showband in July 1975 and the shooting dead of six men in
separate UVF gun attacks on two families in Co Armagh in
January 1976.

In their 115-page report, the panel said today: "Credible
evidence indicates that superiors of violent extremist
officers and agents, at least within the RUC, were aware of
their sectarian crimes yet failed to act to prevent,
investigate or punish them. On the contrary, they allegedly
made statements that appeared to condone participation in
these crimes.

The report also said gardaí seized on technicalities to
deny extradition and "known criminals were allowed to roam
freely on the other side of the Border".

© The Irish Times/ireland.com

*********************

http://u.tv/newsroom/indepth.asp?id=77717&pt=n

RUC And Garda Aware Of Collusion

A human rights investigation has found significant and
credible evidence of police and British Army collusion in
74 sectarian murders during Northern Ireland's Troubles.

By:Press Association

An investigation of 25 loyalist atrocities during the 1970s
by an international panel of human rights experts said
senior Royal Ulster Constabulary officers were aware and
approved of collusion while officials in London had enough
information to intervene.

The group also revealed it was told during its
investigation that police in the Irish Republic failed to
co-operate in bringing republicans to justice for the
murders of Protestants over the border.

The panel, whose members include a law lecturer with the
University of Notre Dame in the US and a former
investigator for the South African Truth and Reconciliation
Commission, called on the British government to appoint an
independent inquiry to examine how high up the chain of
command collusion went.

They also urged the authorities in the Irish Republic to
investigate the claims made about their police.

The group was asked by Derry-based human rights
organisation the Pat Finucane Centre to investigate the 25
incidents.

Among the controversial murders they investigated were:

:: The killing of 23-year-old single bricklayer Patrick
Connolly on October 4 1972 in a grenade attack on his
Portadown home by the Ulster Volunteer Force, also injuring
his mother and brother;

:: The double murder by the UVF of 46-year-old Catholic
Department of the Environment employee Patrick Molloy and
49-year-old Protestant Orange Order member Jack Wylie in a
bomb attack on Trainor`s pub at Augenlig near Kilmore in Co
Armagh;

:: The murder of 33 people in UVF bomb attacks in Dublin
and Monaghan on May 17 1974;

:: The gunning down of three members of the Miami Showband
- 29-year-old lead singer Fran O`Toole, 23-year-old Anthony
Geraghty and 33-year-old trumpet player Brian McCoy - after
a UVF gang posing as an Ulster Defence Regiment patrol
flagged their bus down on July 31 1975.

The shootings took place after a bomb the UVF gang was
loading exploded prematurely as it was planted on the
band`s bus, killing the loyalist unit`s leader 24-year-old
Harris Boyle and his colleague 34-year-old Wesley
Somerville;

:: The shooting dead of six men - 24-year-old John Reavey,
his 22-year-old brother Brian and 17-year-old brother
Anthony and 24-year-old oil rig worker Barry O`Dowd, his
19-year-old brother Declan and his 61-year-old uncle Joe -
in separate UVF gun attacks on two families in Co Armagh on
January 4 1976;

:: The assassination of 49-year-old Catholic police
sergeant Joe Campbell by the UVF as he locked up the RUC
station in the Co Antrim seaside resort of Cushendall.

Among the witnesses they interviewed about security force
collusion with loyalists were former Army intelligence
officer Fred Holroyd, ex-civil servant Colin Wallace,
former RUC officers John Weir and Billy McCaughey.

In their 115-page report, the panel said today:

"Credible evidence indicates that superiors of violent
extremist officers and agents, at least within the RUC,
were aware of their sectarian crimes yet failed to act to
prevent, investigate or punish them.

"On the contrary, they allegedly made statements that
appeared to condone participation in these crimes.

"Even after Weir and another officer confessed in 1978 -
information that should have blown the lid off RUC and
Ulster Defence Regiment involvement in murdering Catholics
- police investigations and ensuing prosecutions were
inadequate by any reasonable standard.

"As early as 1973, senior officials of the United Kingdom
were put on notice of the danger - and indeed some of the
facts - of sectarian violence by UDR soldiers using stolen
UDR weapons and ammunition, and supported by UDR training
and information.

"At least by 1975, senior officials were also informed that
some RUC police officers were `very close` to extremist
paramilitaries."

In only one case, the group was unable to reach a verdict
on collusion because of conflicting accounts - the murder
of 51-year-old driver James Marks and 78-year-old passenger
Joseph Toland in a gun attack in Gilford, Co Armagh, on a
minibus returning from bingo.

The panel met representatives of three organisations
representing republican victims of violence - Families
Acting for Innocent Relatives, SAVER/NAVER, both in
Markethill, Co Armagh, and the WAVE Trauma Centre in
Belfast which caters for the victims of loyalist violence
too.

Among the stories they heard were the murder of a woman in
an acid and petrol bomb attack on a bus in Armagh in 1972,
the shooting of a man pulled from a digger in Mullaghbawn
and shot dead as he cleaned drains on his farm, the killing
of three UDR men when a lorry carrying a 1,000lb bomb
rolled into their barracks at Glenanne in 1991 and a South
Armagh farmer`s account of the intimidation of Protestants
from their land.

"There were also allegations by at least one former RUC man
that the Garda, the police force of the Republic of
Ireland, was not co-operative in bringing fugitives who
fled across the border to justice," the report said.

Communications from one local station to another across the
border, he said, had to be routed through Belfast and
Dublin.

"Technicalities were seized upon to deny extradition. Known
criminals were allowed to roam freely on the other side of
the border.

"The panel has had its hands full examining and documenting
the responsibility of the British state. It is in no
position to take on the vast additional assignment of
examining the possible responsibility of another state.

"However, the panel will bring these allegations to the
attention of the Irish authorities and suggest they deserve
to be looked into."

While the international panel welcomed reforms introduced
by the British government to investigate the controversial
murders, they claimed they were still insufficient for
getting to the heart of collusion cases.

Northern Ireland`s police ombudsman Nuala O`Loan, they
said, did not have the powers to investigate collusion
involving members of the UDR.

The £30 million Historical Enquiries Team, set up by Police
Service of Northern Ireland chief constable Sir Hugh Orde,
also fell short of international standards for
investigations.

The panel called for:

:: Investigations by an independent team into allegations
of collusion in murders and attempted murders by loyalists,
capable of identifying those involved, examining how high
up the chain of command it went and focusing not just on
RUC and UDR involvement but also British Army and
intelligence agencies;

:: Investigations into murders carried out by republican
groups;

:: Full co-operation by paramilitary groups on both sides
with credible official investigations into collusion;

:: The publishing of the findings of all investigations,
including those by the Historical Enquiries Team which
currently plans only to share its findings with victims`
families;

:: The state to acknowledge publicly its responsibility in
sectarian killings where collusion is established;

:: Public apologies from senior officials to the families
of victims of collusion.

*********************

http://express.lineone.net/news_detail_pa.html?sku=116281278125577379-H2

Army 'Colluded In Loyalist Murders'
06/11/06

A human rights investigation has found 'credible evidence'
of police and British Army collusion in 74 sectarian
murders during Northern Ireland's Troubles.

An investigation of 25 loyalist atrocities during the 1970s
by an international panel of human rights experts said
senior Royal Ulster Constabulary officers were aware and
approved of collusion while officials in London had enough
information to intervene.

The group also revealed it was told during its
investigation that police in the Irish Republic failed to
co-operate in bringing republicans to justice for the
murders of Protestants over the border.

The panel, whose members include a law lecturer with the
University of Notre Dame in the US and a former
investigator for the South African Truth and Reconciliation
Commission, called on the British Government to appoint an
independent inquiry to examine how high up the chain of
command collusion went.

They also urged the authorities in the Irish Republic to
investigate the claims made about their police.

The group was asked by Londonderry-based human rights
organisation the Pat Finucane Centre to investigate the 25
incidents.

Among the witnesses they interviewed about security force
collusion with loyalists were former Army intelligence
officer Fred Holroyd, ex-civil servant Colin Wallace,
former RUC officers John Weir and Billy McCaughey.

In their 115-page report, the panel said: "Credible
evidence indicates that superiors of violent extremist
officers and agents, at least within the RUC, were aware of
their sectarian crimes yet failed to act to prevent,
investigate or punish them.

"On the contrary, they allegedly made statements that
appeared to condone participation in these crimes.

"Even after Weir and another officer confessed in 1978 -
information that should have blown the lid off RUC and
Ulster Defence Regiment involvement in murdering Catholics
- police investigations and ensuing prosecutions were
inadequate by any reasonable standard."

*********************

http://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/news/story.jsp?story=713105

Inquiry Completed Into Job Bias Claims At Cross-Border Body

By David Gordon
06 November 2006

An investigation into employment practices at a cross-
border body has been completed, it can be revealed today.

InterTradeIreland, which has its headquarters in Newry, was
the subject of anonymous allegations to the authorities
earlier this year.

And among the subjects raised was the religious make-up of
the organisation.

The complaints, which also addressed financial management
issues, prompted InterTradeIreland's parent departments on
both sides of the border to jointly initiate inquiries.

The Government's Northern Ireland spokesman in the House of
Lords, Lord Rooker, has now told Parliament: "The inquiry
into the equality of opportunity aspects of the anonymous
allegations made against InterTradeIreland has been
completed and a draft report is being considered by the two
sponsor departments and the InterTradeIreland board."

He was replying to UUP peer Lord Laird who had asked when
"the investigation into alleged discrimination against
Protestant employees at InterTradeIreland" would be
concluded.

In response to a further question, Lord Rooker stated: "At
October 1, 2006, InterTradeIreland, the trade and business
development body, employed 41 permanent staff.

"The community background of these staff has been
identified as: Roman Catholic - 34, Protestant - 6, non-
determined - 1."

Details of the InterTradeIreland probe were given to the
House of Commons in April this year.

The Commons has been told that the cross-border body is
seeking to attract more job applications from the
Protestant community and has initiated a number of
"affirmative action measures".

*********************

http://news.bbc.co.uk/go/pr/fr/-/1/hi/northern_ireland/6119196.stm

Sinn Fein Report On Saint Andrews

The Sinn Fein leadership is to meet in Dublin to hear a
report from the party's consultation on the St Andrews
Agreement.

The ard chomhairle (party executive) will be briefed by MEP
Mary Lou McDonald who along with MP Conor Murphy has been
heading the consultation.

Ms McDonald said the meeting had been called to discuss the
consultations within Sinn Fein.

These "have taken place across Ireland over the last
fortnight", she said.

"There is a huge responsibility on all of the parties and
the two governments at this time.

"If we can bring about a situation where anti-Agreement
unionists share power on the basis of equality with
republicans, it will be a huge achievement.

"But we need to ensure that progress is made on the basis
of the Good Friday Agreement.

"Events of the last two weeks show us how difficult all of
this is going to be to achieve and how much work has still
to be done."

'A new executive'

At the weekend, Irish Prime Minister Bertie Ahern said
there was overwhelming support within the DUP for the
implementation of the St Andrews Agreement.

"I understand the DUP consultation process is 90 plus for
(the St Andrews Agreement)," he said.

Northern Ireland's parties have until 10 November to give
their verdicts on the draft St Andrews Agreement.

The British and Irish governments have set a date of 26
March 2007 for a new executive to be up and running.

The chancellor, Gordon Brown, has promised £50bn to
Northern Ireland over the next 10 years if power is
devolved at Stormont.

The Northern Ireland Assembly was suspended on 14 October
2002 amid allegations of a republican spy ring at Stormont.

The court case that followed collapsed and one of those
charged, Denis Donaldson, later admitted working as a
British agent.

Direct rule from London was restored in October 2002 and
has been in place since.

Story from BBC NEWS:
Published: 2006/11/06 06:51:05 GMT
© BBC MMVI

*********************

http://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/news/opinion/story.jsp?story=713186

Opin: Devolution Is A Prize Worth Winning

06 November 2006

At the start of an important week for Northern Ireland
politics, doubts are growing as to whether the parties will
meet the Secretary of State's deadline of this Friday for
signing up to the St Andrews Agreement.

High hopes were raised at the Scottish summit, but since
then, the atmosphere has been soured. Sinn Fein has been
becoming increasingly agitated by the Rev Ian Paisley's
refusal to enter face-to-face talks, while the DUP accuses
Gerry Adams of dragging his feet on policing.

Regrettably, the row which erupted over the stage at which
aspiring Ministers should be required to take their oath
and declare support for the police has yet to be resolved.
And even the offer of what Peter Hain terms a "remarkable"
peace dividend has failed to break the deadlock.

With the blame game already under way, it seems that the
best Mr Hain can hope for on Friday is a conditional
signing up to the terms that are on offer. Both the DUP and
Sinn Fein have issues that they want to see resolved before
they are prepared to swear unswerving allegiance to the
terms on offer.

Despite the growing gloom, the Secretary of State is
adamant that no leeway will be allowed. Come November 24 it
will be time to sign up or shut down, a straight choice
between devolution and dissolution.

Mr Hain is entitled to take a tough approach, although
there has been a history of previous administrations
setting deadlines only to extend them. If agreement is
within reach, it will be a surprise if the Secretary of
State decides to be completely inflexible.

As with all such negotiations, the parties are engaging in
brinkmanship at present. They do not want to weaken their
negotiating positions by making concessions in advance of
the final deal.

But if the November 24 deadline is to be met, the posturing
must end. There is a widespread desire in the community for
political stability, and endless prevarication will dash
hopes of devolution for the foreseeable future. Last week's
deplorable fire-bombings were a dismal reminder of what
could happen if things unravel.

The complexities of the St Andrews Agreement are
challenging for republicans and unionists. Both Sinn Fein
and the DUP are being asked to go further than they ever
have in the past, and they still need to convince hardline
supporters that the sacrifices are worthwhile.

While the sequencing needs to be sorted out, there is no
doubt that the prize of a stable devolved government is one
worth winning. A partnership government based on engagement
between political foes would send out a powerful message to
the world that Northern Ireland really has made the long-
awaited breakthough.

*********************

http://www.nuzhound.com/articles/Sunday_Tribune/arts2006/nov5_Loyalist_in_bandit_country__SBreen.php

A Loyalist In Bandit Country

(by Suzanne Breen, Sunday Tribune)

Willie Frazer points to the old holsters and riot gear in
his museum of security force memorabilia in Markethill.
"We'd need these with us today, and bullet-proof vests too.

"I hope you're prepared for this, girl. The last time I'd
people on my south Armagh tour, the Provos pelted the car
with quarry rocks, forced us off the road, then ran at us
with pick-axe handles. It would be easy enough to get
yourself killed."

Frazer, director of IRA victims' groups FAIR, regularly
takes visitors into 'Bandit country' Atrocity scenes, IRA
fuel-laundering premises, and the homes of leading
Provisionals – including chief-of-staff Thomas 'Slab'
Murphy – are on the itinerary.

Before we set off, he rings Crossmaglen police station. "Is
that you, Charlie? This is Willie Fraser. I'm heading into
your part of the world. We'll be taking a trip to Larkin's
Road – you know, where Mr Murphy lives. We might be
following the odd oil tanker too."

Charlie, who probably thinks the trip's mad, mumbles
something, and off we set. Frazer nods at the soft rolling
hillside, majestic in its autumn gold.

"These were the killing fields where my friends and family
were butchered. It might look beautiful but the grass is
dripping in blood. I lost my da, two uncles, two cousins
and six friends. Republicans murdered 400 people in south
Armagh.

"They say it was a war. Well, the war criminals got away.
They should be hunted down." In Newtownhamilton, Frazer
points to an elderly man: "He's not as innocent as he looks
– did a bit of IRA scouting in his day."

Our first stop is at the site of the old Glennane barracks
where UDR members – Robert Crozier, Paul Blakely, and
Sydney Hamilton – were killed, and 40 people injured in
1991.

A 2,500lb IRA lorry bomb was rolled into the base. The
explosion was heard in Dundalk. Lance-corporal Crozier's
daughter was the Markethill festival queen.

We pass posters of Sinn Féin's Turlough Murphy, who
defeated Frazer in a recent council by-election, as we head
to Kingsmill where 10 Protestant workers were taken off a
mini-bus and shot dead in retaliation for loyalist murders.

"They lined them up there, at the side of the road," says
Frazer, pointing to a spot marked by a simple cross. "They
asked their religion. The one Catholic was ordered to
leave. They fired 200 bullets into the others. Some of the
men were on their knees praying when they were executed.
The gunmen cheered as they left."

A mile on is Whitecross, the Catholic village where Frazer
grew up. "That was our house," he says, pointing to a small
terrace. "It was more like a prison than a home, we'd that
much barbed wire round it. There were countless attacks.
They left a bomb on the kitchen window.

"Once, my father came home to find a sledge-hammer stuck in
the door where the IRA had tried to break in. My mother put
a rifle out the window. She would have shot them but she
didn't know how to get the safety catch off."

Another mile away, Frazer stops. "I got the biggest hiding
of my life in that thorn hedge. They ordered me to say 'Up
the Provies' and I wouldn't. I'd gone to school with these
fellows, played Gaelic with them."

Frazer crosses the road. "That's where the IRA murdered my
oul' boy," he says. Robert Frazer, 49, UDR man and a father
of nine, was shot dead leaving a friend's farm. 'Peace,
perfect peace,' says the roadside memorial.

"Nobody was ever charged," says Frazer. "Over 98% of
republican murders in South Armagh remain unsolved. I bring
visitors here because it's important not to forget."

Frazer has no sympathy for IRA dead, but we stop where
Majella O'Hare, a 12-year-old schoolgirl, was shot dead by
the British Army in 1976: "My older brother and her older
brother ran about together. Of course, I feel sorry for her
family."

Next, is Tullyvallen Orange hall where five Protestants
were killed in 1975. "Masked IRA men machine-gunned the
hall. I was 15 but, even now, I can remember the awful
stench of burning flesh," says Frazer.

On the road to Cullyhanna, we pass where UDR man Joe
McCullough had his throat cut and was hung upside down from
a tree, his body booby-trapped, in 1976.

We drive through Crossmaglen, passing IRA monuments, and
Paddy Short's pub where many republicans drank over the
years. "We'll hardly bother going in today," quips Frazer.

Near the Border, we pass several flashy villas, which the
Fair director says are owned by IRA smugglers: "It's like
Dallas here, and this meant to be one of the most deprived
areas in Northern Ireland!"

Slab's place is less ostentatious. "He's an evil man," says
Frazer. "But I'll say one thing for him – he's as happy in
an old van as in a new Merc."

Frazer stops for a photograph chez Murphy. Doesn't he fear
for his safety?: "I know the risks, but I'm walking with
the Lord . . . and I've learned to drive fast!"

November 5, 2006
________________

This article appeared in the November 5, 2006 edition of
the Sunday Tribune.

*********************

http://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/news/story.jsp?story=713125

Europe Suffers Worst Blackout For Three Decades

By Stephen Castle
06 November 2006

One of the worst and most dramatic power failures in three
decades plunged millions of Europeans into darkness over
the weekend, halting trains, trapping dozens in lifts and
prompting calls for a central European power authority.

The blackout, which originated in north-western Germany,
also struck Paris and 15 French regions, and its effects
were felt in Austria, Belgium, Italy and Spain. In Germany,
around 100 trains were delayed, and in the French capital
firemen responded to 40 calls from those trapped in lifts
late on Saturday night. However, the Eiffel Tower and other
monuments remained illuminated, the metro kept running and
there were no reports of injuries.

The power loss came about when Germany's network became
overloaded, probably as a result of a routine shut down of
a high-voltage transmission line under the Ems river to
allow a ship to pass by safely.

The fallout from the incident, said to be one of the worst
since the 1970s, left engineers and politicians aghast, and
underlined the interdependence of European countries'
electricity grids.

Parts of western Germany, including the Ruhr region, were
without power for half an hour, delaying scores of trains
for up to two hours.

In France, five million people were left without
electricity, including many in Paris.

In Italy, while the main effects were concentrated in
Piedmont and Liguria in the north-west, the blackout even
touched Puglia, in the country's south-east.

Belgium was affected, with the cities of Antwerp, Ghent and
Liege among the areas hit. Meanwhile, the Spanish network
Red Electrica said parts of Madrid, Barcelona, Zaragoza and
the region of Andalucia suffered power loss too.

Work was under way yesterday to try to identify why such a
routine operation provoked such a massive power failure.

Romano Prodi, the Italian premier, said from his native
city of Bologna that the incident suggested that Europe
needed to strengthen its co-ordination of power supplies.
"My first impression is that there is a contradiction
between having European [power] links and not having one
European [power] authority," he said. "We depend on each
other with being able to help each other, without a central
authority."

The likely Socialist candidate in France's presidential
elections, Ségolène Royal, also called for the creation of
a centralised European electricity authority. "One of the
things at stake in the relaunching of Europe will be big
policy areas like energy," she said.

Energy has become a priority area for EU policy-makers
during the past year. A summit last month in Finland was
dominated by discussions with Russia's President Vladimir
Putin on energy security.

The European Commission is investigating the structure of
the EU's power market and whether the Continent's giant
firms need to be broken up to encourage greater
competition.

Meanwhile, the inquest into the latest incident has begun.
The German power giant E.On said it had shut down
transmission lines in the past without causing problems,
and was investigating why this operation went so badly
wrong.

Theo Horstmann, of RWE AG, another German power firm, said
the shortage had caused substations across Europe to shut
down automatically to prevent further damage.
----
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